diff --git a/adeterminize/src/vpa/VpaDeterminizer.cpp b/adeterminize/src/vpa/VpaDeterminizer.cpp
index 219b5d3e4a84cd97d35a9a29008ce904b1fd3e39..86242ccd595cbc4237e0fe296f701de4076b50ac 100644
--- a/adeterminize/src/vpa/VpaDeterminizer.cpp
+++ b/adeterminize/src/vpa/VpaDeterminizer.cpp
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ Automaton* VpaDeterminizer::determinize()
             RComponent& r = unmarkedStateData->r;
             
             // Empty stack
-            list<Symbol> bottomOfStack(1, VpaUtils::BOTTOM_OF_STACK_SYMBOL);
+            list<Symbol> bottomOfStack = {VpaUtils::BOTTOM_OF_STACK_SYMBOL};
             SComponent sPrimed;
             for (const auto& statesPair : s.statesPairs) {
                 const State& q = statesPair.state1;
diff --git a/adeterminize/src/vpa/VpaDeterminizer2.cpp b/adeterminize/src/vpa/VpaDeterminizer2.cpp
index eed1530fc79ff3ebd15b70f79f20ef5845476c5b..b48bdc8da7e77d8405a4e9fb944f4171e705cfa3 100644
--- a/adeterminize/src/vpa/VpaDeterminizer2.cpp
+++ b/adeterminize/src/vpa/VpaDeterminizer2.cpp
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ Automaton* VpaDeterminizer2::determinize()
             RComponent& r = unmarkedStateData->r;
             
             // Empty stack
-            list<Symbol> bottomOfStack(1, VpaUtils::BOTTOM_OF_STACK_SYMBOL);
+            list<Symbol> bottomOfStack = {VpaUtils::BOTTOM_OF_STACK_SYMBOL};
             SComponent sPrimed;
             for (const auto& statesPair : s.statesPairs) {
                 const State& q = statesPair.state1;
diff --git a/adeterminize/src/vpa/VpaDeterminizer3.cpp b/adeterminize/src/vpa/VpaDeterminizer3.cpp
index f1da5f23fb213eb2b75cfe4ebe0127bdc33c0eba..3d6fa598fa3a3c8f79bf750227eefae8ee9c58a3 100644
--- a/adeterminize/src/vpa/VpaDeterminizer3.cpp
+++ b/adeterminize/src/vpa/VpaDeterminizer3.cpp
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ Automaton* VpaDeterminizer3::determinize()
             SComponent& s = unmarkedStateData->s;
             
             // Empty stack
-            list<Symbol> bottomOfStack(1, VpaUtils::BOTTOM_OF_STACK_SYMBOL);
+            list<Symbol> bottomOfStack = {VpaUtils::BOTTOM_OF_STACK_SYMBOL};
             SComponent sPrimed;
             for (const auto& statesPair : s.statesPairs) {
                 const State& q = statesPair.state1;